Description

REDUCED FROM $500 TO $395 FOR A LIMITED TIME. SCARCE Victorian Antique Memento Mori Funeral MEMORIAL/MOURNING HAND MADE GLASS PAPERWEIGHT Inscribed A.J. Ingraham (B. 1840- D. April 4, 1895) and E.J.H; 3.25W x 2.5H; memento mori, mourning; One of a Kind inscribed with name of decedent; initials of loved one; date of birth 1840: date of death: April 4, 1895. This was probably hand made by the Millville glasshouse established in 1806; having changed hands a number of times. Millville is the oldest town in the United States, still making glass. IMPORTANT VICTORIAN MEMORIAL/MOURNING PAPERWEIGHT INSCRIBED A.J. INGRAHAM (B. 1840- D. April 4, 1895) and E.J.H. I purchased this historical paperweight many years ago from a civil war collector. I am now passing it on... to the next generation; if the decedent could speak; he certainly witnessed quite a bit of history during his short 55 years of life. Other than some minor superficial bruises to the surface of the crystal... It is incredible that this piece has survived the test of time. All Vintage Items sold "as is". Extremely rare and Important Victorian Memorial/Mourning paperweight inscribed on interior glass milk banner in blue “glass powder” lettering “A.J. Ingraham (1840-April 4, 1895)” and then initialed at the bottom right with a family members initials of (“E.J.H”). Paperweights such as these were utilized by Family members of the Victorian Era after the death of a loved one as a memorial to their life (“in glass”), or with jewelry “weaved with the decedent’s hair”. This historical paperweight has a white rectangular memorial glass banner [inscribed with the decedent’s name and birthdate of 1840 and death date of April 4, 1895 in blue lettering] resting on top of a multi-colored frit ground with the entire paperweight encased in crystal glass. There is some minor superficial bruising of the glass on one side of the paperweight not obstructing the historical dates and lettering; Incredible that such a historical heirloom survived a plethora of turbulence - during one of the most important and turbulent periods that shaped our American History. Many confederate soldiers are listed as A.J. Ingraham or A. J. Ingram in ancestry.com; including Maj. August John Ingraham of the 12th Cavalry Alabama during the Civil War; also spelled A.J. Ingram in military documents according to my research. Nonetheless, whether or not this person served in the Civil War or any other bloody battle fought by our forefathers during his life, this person, A.J. Ingraham, and his family member with initial E.J.H, were physically present at a time of history that shaped the world for its progenitors. A.J. Ingraham having been born in 1840; was born just a few months “after” the births of Famous Americans such as George Armstrong Custer, (b. Dec. 1839); the famous American Cavalry Officer remembered for “Custer’s Last Stand” and an earlier birth of Oil Magnate John D. Rockefeller in July of 1839; We can only imagine and read about what Ingraham and his family actually witnessed and lived through from the date of his birth in 1840 until his death in 1895 at the early age of 55. Just imagine what this person and his family members experienced; see some historical excerpts below: In 1840 during the year of A.J. Ingrahams birth , the Lexington steamship burned and sank resulting in over 150 deaths of passengers and crew members; William Henry Harrison won the presidency and Queen Victoria married Princess Albert; In 1841, when A. J. was one year old , William Henry Harrison won the presidency of the USA on March 4th and then passed away on April 4th, just after serving only four weeks in office from pneumonia. In November, Queen Victoria’s first son was born, Edward VII. In 1842, when A.J. Ingraham was in his terrible twos, P.T. Barnum of Circus Show Business Fame introduced Tom Thumb to the public. When A.J. was three , a mass westward migration via the Oregon Trail ensued. When A.J. was four years of age, Sam Morse sent the first “morse code” telegram to Baltimore from the U.S. Capital; with the infamous phrase “What hath God Wrought”. In November, James Polk defeated Henry Clay and when A.J. turned five , James Polk was inaugurated as President of the United States in March of 1845; the same month that the Republic of Texas was “annexed” to the United States; while far off our shores The Irish “Great Potato Crop Famine” raged on…lasting through “Black 1847”; When A.J. was “six years of age ”, Showman and Western Scout “Buffalo Bill Cody” was born in Iowa; a couple of months later, in April of 1846, tensions flared between the nations of Mexico and the US, when Mexican troops ambushed and killed a US soldier patrol culminating in Congress “declaring war against Mexico” in May of 1846. when A.J. was “seven ”… In Feb. and March of 1847, Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott’s troops defeated the Mexican armies at the Battle of Buena Vista and Veracruz in the midst of the Mexican War, which finally concluded when US Troops invaded Mexico City in September of the same year. In December of 1847, Abraham Lincoln commenced a two year term as a U.S. House Representative. A month later, when A.J. turned “eight ”, a northern California gentleman by the name of James Marshall discovered “gold” in California (1848)-- setting off the infamous “California Gold Rush”; Sadly, former President and Congressman John Quincy Adams passed away in February; while on a happier note, General Zachary Taylor was nominated President elect of the United States in November. when A.J. turned “nine ” …Zachary Taylor was elected as the 12th President of the United States in March of 1849. When A.J. turned “Ten”, President Zachary Taylor passed away while in Office in July of 1850; with his Vice President, Millard Fillmore ascending into his Vacancy. Regretably and sorrowfully, Abraham and Mary Todd Lincoln’s little boy, “Eddie” passed away at the tender age of four in Illinois in the same year. When A.J. reached the age of “eleven”; Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert attended “The Great Exhibition” in London where enormous strides in technology were displayed including the “reaper” invention by Cyrus McCormick; The first issue of the “New York Times” was published by Journalist Henry Raymond and the timeless novel “Moby Dick” written by Herman Melville was published in November of 1851. By A.J.s “twelfth” birthday in 1852 , Harriet B. Stowe published “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”; while Henry Clay and Daniel Webster passed Away; and the United States welcomed a new President Elect, Franklin Pierce. When A.J. became at teenager at the “age of 13” in 1853 , Franklin Pierce was sworn in as President of the United States; he backed the idea of purchasing some land in Southwest New Mexico and southern Arizona (Gadsden Purchase) to utilize as a railroad route from the West Coast to the American South. This strip of land complete d the 48 mainlands of the United States . During A.J.’s “fourteenth” birthday , legislation referred to as the Kansas-Nebraska Act was enacted in 1854 to lessen growing tensions over slavery; but had an opposite effect of creating increasing tensions opening a “door” to civil war; Abraham Lincoln played a major role in opposing this Act. when A.J. was 15 years of age, in 1855 , the first locomotive traveled from the Atlantic to the Pacific via the newly completed “Panama Railroad”. A.J.’s 16 th birthday in 1856 witnessed the election of James Buchanan as President Elect of the United States. When A.J.’s turned 17 , Buchanan was inaugurated in March 1857 amid rumors of an attempted presidential assassination attempt; when he fell ill at his own inauguration. Worsening tensions ensued in March 6, 1857, when the “Dred Scott Decision” was announced by the U.S. Supreme Court. The chief justice wrote a controversial decision ruling that “Dred Scott”, or any other slave, or descendant of a slave, could not be a citizen of the United States setting off a firestorm. When A.J. reached the age of 18 , in 1858; Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas held several debates in Illinois during their run for a U.S. Senate Seat. Although Douglas won the U.S. Senate Seat, the public debates increased Lincoln’s anti-slavery view to national standing. when A.J. turned 19 years of age, in 1859 , John Brown, renown abolitionist launched a raid against the U.S. arsenal at Harper’s Ferry and was hung for treason six weeks later, with his death energizing Northern sympathizers, who referred to him as a martyr for the cause; and Pennsylvania drilled its first successful 70’ well; and struck “oil”. A.J. now 20 years of age in 1860 , witnessed a time when a lawyer from Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, was elected as President of the United States; with his anti-slavery rhetoric igniting a firestorm between the North and the South; ultimately opening a door to Civil War with the slave states opposing Lincoln’s anti-slavery views and eventually seceded from the Union; but on a lighter note, A.J. and family must have enjoyed the sharpshooter antics of the timeless entertainment personality of the 1860’s “Annie Oakley”. At A.J.’s 21 st year of birth , Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as the Republican President of the United states in March, 1861; meanwhile, the Confederates were attacking Fort Sumter in April of the same year which began “The Civil War”; Union forces were defeated at the “Battle of Big Bethel” in June and “Bull Run” in July of the same year; Confederates won battles at Wilson’s Creek in August, and the Battle of Balls Bluff in October; Union forces captured Hatteras Inlet; and Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria passed away at the young age of 42; A.J. , Age 22, 1862 , Writer Henry David Thoreau, author of Walden dies; Battles raged during 1862, one of the most tumultuous periods of American History: The Battle of Antietam "America's Bloodiest Day; Battle of Mill Springs Battle of Fort Donelson ; Battle of Val Verde ; Battle of Pea Ridge ; ironclad battle between the USS Monitor and CSS Virginia; First Battle of Kernstown ; Battle of Glorieta Pass ; Major General Ulysses S. Grant won the Battle of Shiloh ; Siege of Yorktown ; Union forces capture Fort Pulaski ; Great Locomotive Chase takes place in northern Georgia; Flag Officer David G. Farragut captures New Orleans for the Union; The Battle of Williamsburg is fought during the Peninsula Campaign; Battle of McDowell ; First Battle of Winchester ; Battle of Cross Keys in the Shenandoah Valley; Battle of Port Republic ; Battle of Oak Grove ; Battle of Beaver Dam Creek (Mechanicsville) ; Battle of Gaines' Mill ; Battle of Savage's Station ; Battle of Glendale (Frayser's Farm) ; Battle of Malvern Hill ; Battle of Cedar Mountain ; General Robert E. Lee wins a stunning victory at the Second Battle of Manassas ; Battle of Chantilly ; Battle of Harpers Ferry ; Battle of South Mountain ; Battle of Iuka ; Second Battle of Corinth ; Battle of Perryville ; Battle of Prairie Grove ; Battle of Fredericksburg ; Battle of Chickasaw Bayou ; Battle of Stones River A.J. at the Age of 23 ; President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in January of 1863. Battle of Gettysburg ( fought in Pennsylvania) July 1-3, 1863 President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation in October of 1863 declaring “Thanksgiving Day” to he observed on the last Thursday of every November. President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address in November of 1863 and dedicated a military cemetery at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg. · Union and Confederate forces clashed at the Battle of Stones River from Dec 31, 1862 thru Jan. 2 of 1863 · Confederate forces won a stunning victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville in May of 1863; but were beaten at the Battle of Raymond during the Vicksburg Campaign · In May through July of 1863, Union forces won key victories at the Battle of Champion Hill ; the Battle of Big Black River Bridge; the Siege of Vicksburg and the Siege of Port Hudson · Union forces under Maj. Gen. George G. Meade win the Battle of Gettysburg in July of 1863 and turn the tide in the East · July 4, 1863 - After a six-week siege, the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg falls to Union troops under Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant · September 18-20, 1863 - General Braxton Bragg wins the Battle of Chickamauga · November 23-25, 1863 - Union forces under Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant win the Battle of Chattanooga · October 13-November 7, 1863 - Union troops are thwarted in the Bristoe Campaign · November-December, 1863 - Confederate troops conduct the Knoxville Campaign · November 26-December 2, 1863 - Union and Confederate troops fight the Mine Run Campaign · December 31, 1862-January 2, 1863 - Union and Confederate forces clash at the Battle of Stones River · May 1-6, 1863 - Confederate forces win a stunning victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville · May 12, 1863 - Confederate forces are beaten at the Battle of Raymond during the Vicksburg Campaign · May 16, 1863 - Union forces win a key victory at the Battle of Champion Hill · May 17, 1863 - Confederate forces are beaten at the Battle of Big Black River Bridge · May 18-July 4, 1863 - Union troops conduct the Siege of Vicksburg · May 21-July 9, 1863 - Union troops under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks conduct the Siege of Port Hudson · June 9, 1863 - Cavalry forces fight the Battle of Brandy Station · July 1-3, 1863 - Union forces under Maj. Gen. George G. Meade win the Battle of Gettysburg and turn the tide in the East · July 4, 1863 - After a six-week siege, the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg falls to Union troops under Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant · September 18-20, 1863 - General Braxton Bragg wins the Battle of Chickamauga · November 23-25, 1863 - Union forces under Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant win the Battle of Chattanooga · October 13-November 7, 1863 - Union troops are thwarted in the Bristoe Campaign · November-December, 1863 - Confederate troops conduct the Knoxville Campaign · November 26-December 2, 1863 - Union and Confederate troops fight the Mine Run Campaign · · 1864 · A.J. now 24 ; The first burial took place at Arlington National Cemetery on May 13, 1864. · Abraham Lincoln won a second term as president on November 8, 1864:, defeating General George McClellan in the election of 1864 . · February 17, 1864 - USS Housatonic becomes the first ship sunk by a submarine when it is attacked by H.L. Hunley · February 20, 1864 - Confederate troops win the Battle of Olustee in Florida · April 8, 1864 - Union troops are beaten at the Battle of Mansfield · May 5-7, 1864 - The Overland Campaign starts with the Battle of the Wilderness · May 8-21, 1864 - Union and Confederate forces fight the bloody Battle of Spotsylvania Court House · May 23-26, 1864 - Union and Confederate forces meet at the Battle of North Anna · May 11, 1864 - Union cavalry wins the Battle of Yellow Tavern · May 13-15, 1864 - In the opening fight of the Atlanta Campaign, Union and Confederate troops meet at the Battle of Resaca · May 23-26, 1864 - Union and Confederate forces meet at the Battle of North Anna · May 31-June 12, 1864 - Union troops are repulsed at the Battle of Cold Harbor · June 5, 1864 - Union forces in the Shenandoah Valley win the Battle of Piedmont · June 9, 1864-April 2, 1865 - Union and Confederate forces fight the Siege of Petersburg · June 27, 1864 - Union forces are repulsed at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain · June 10, 1864 - Confederate troops win the Battle of Brice's Cross Roads · June 11-12, 1864 - Union cavalry fights the Battle of Trevilian Station · June 19, 1864 - USS Kearsarge sinks the Confederate raider CSS Alabama · June 21-23, 1864 - Union and Confederate forces fight the Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road · July 9, 1864 - Union forces delay the Confederates at the Battle of Monocacy · July 20, 1864 - Union troops win the Battle of Peachtree Creek near Atlanta · July 28, 1864 - The Confederates are turned back at the Battle of Ezra Church · July 22, 1864 - Confederate forces lose the Battle of Atlanta · August 18-21, 1864 - Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren wins the Battle of Globe Tavern · August 31-September 1, 1864 - Union forces win the Battle of Jonesboro (Jonesborough) · September 2, 1864 - Union troops under Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman capture Atlanta · September 19, 1864 - Confederate forces are defeated at the Third Battle of Winchester (Opequon) · September 21-22, 1864 - Union troops win the Battle of Fisher's Hill in the Shenandoah Valley · October 2, 1864 - Union and Confederate forces fight the Battle of Peebles Farm · October 19, 1864 - Union troops recover to win the Battle of Cedar Creek · October 27-28, 1864 - The Battle of Boydton Plank Road is fought south of Petersburg, VA · November 29, 1864 - Union troops escape after the Battle of Spring Hill · November 30, 1864 - General John Bell Hood loses the Battle of Franklin · December 15-16, 1864 - The Army of Tennessee is effectively destroyed at the Battle of Nashville · · 1865 · A.J. now 25 lived when General William Tecumseh Sherman issued Special Field Orders, No. 15, which was interpreted as a promise to provide "forty acres and a mule" to each family of freed slaves in 1865. · Witnessed t he Thirteenth Amendment being passed in January of 1865, which abolished slavery in America, issued by the United States Congress. · Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated for his second term as president of the United States. On March 4, 1865 with Lincoln's second inaugural address being remembered as one of his most notable speeches. · President Abraham Lincoln was shot at Ford's Theatre By Booth on April 14, 1865 and died the next morning, leaving his beloved Mary Todd a widow. · January 13-15, 1865 - Union troops capture Fort Fisher · February 5-7, 1865 - Battle of Hatcher's Run is fought near Petersburg. · March 16, 1865 - Union and Confederate forces meet at Averasborough · March 19-21, 1865 - Union forces win the Battle of Bentonville · March 25, 1865 - Confederate forces are beaten at the Battle of Fort Stedman · April 1, 1865 - Major General Philip Sheridan wins the Battle of Five Forks for the Union · April 2/3, 1865 - After a ten-month siege, Union forces capture Petersburg, VA, compelling General Robert E. Lee to retreat west · April 6, 1865 - Union forces triumph at the Battle of Sayler's Creek · April 9, 1865 - Gen. Robert E. Lee surrenders to Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, VA · April 26, 1865 - Gen. Joseph E. Johnston surrenders to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman at Durham, NC · · 1866 · A.J. now 26 when in the Summer of 1866 The Grand Army of the Republic , an organization of Union veterans, was formed. · Congress passes a bill to expand the authority of the Freedmen's Bureau over President Andrew Johnson's Veto. · Andrew Johnson officially declares the war has ended in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. · The Civil Rights Bill of 1866 is passed over Andrew Johnson's veto. It is meant to ensure that blacks are given their rights after the passage of Black Codes in southern states. · Tennessee becomes the first state to ratify the fourteenth amendment . · · 1867 · A.J. now 27 years of age · · Black males are granted suffrage in Washington D.C.In addition, suffrage is given to any male over 21 in US territories. · Nebraska becomes the 37th state to be admitted to the union. · The First Reconstruction Act is passed after Congress overrides Johnson's veto. It divides the southern states into five military districts. In addition, in order for a state to be readmitted to the union it has to ratify the fourteenth amendment. · · · · 1868 · A.J. now 28 years of age ; Tenure of Office Act is passed in Congress. This denies the president the right to remove any officials from office who Congress has approved. This will become important later when impeachment proceedings are brought against Johnson. In addition, the Command of the Army Act is passed stating that all military orders from the president have to go through the General of the Army. · Alaska is purchased from the Russians for $7,200,000. This is known as 'Seward's Folly' after Secretary of State Seward who arranged for the purchase. · Johnson fires Secretary of War Edwin Stanton despite the Tenure of Office Act. He names Ulysses Grant to take his place. · America annexes the Midway Islands in the Pacific Ocean. · The Patrons of Husbandry, later called The Grange, is founded. It will become the mouthpiece for farmers in America. · Secretary of War Ulysses Grant asks to step down because Senate rules will cause him to be fined for violating the Tenure of Office Act. Stanton once again becomes the Secretary. When Johnson again asks for Stanton's resignation, he is brought up on impeachment charges. · President Andrew Johnson is tried in impeachment proceedings. However, his fails when Edmund Ross votes no. · The First Sioux War ends with the Treaty of Fort Laramie. · President James Buchanan Dies on June 1st. · Arkansas, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina are al readmitted to representation in Congress after meeting all Congressional requirements. · A treaty between the US and China is ratified ensuring peace and allowing for free migration between the two countries. · The Fourteenth Amendment is officially ratified. · The state of Georgia expels all blacks from its legislature. · Ulysses S. Grant wins the presidential election. · Before leaving office, Andrew Johnson grants general armies to everyone involved in the rebellion against the North. · · 1869 · · A.J. now 29 years of age ; The number of Supreme Court Justices increases from seven to nine. · The transcontinental railroad is completed. · The National Woman Suffrage Association is formed with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as its president. · Riots begin against Chinese laborers in San Francisco. · The Prohibition Party is formed in Chicago. · Black Friday occurs as the price of gold drops considerably after a failed scheme to corner the gold market between Jay Gould and James Fisk. This tarnishes Grant's reputation and is one of many scandals to rock his presidency. · Wyoming gives women the right to vote. · · March 4, 1869: Ulysses S. Grant was inaugurated as president of the United States of America. · September 24, 1869: A scheme by Wall Street operators Jay Gould and Jim Fisk to corner the gold market nearly took down the entire U.S. economy in what became known as Black Friday . · October 16, 1869: A weird discovery on an upstate New York farm became a sensation as the Cardiff Giant . The huge stone man turned out to be a hoax, but still fascinated a public which seemed to want a diversion. · · 1870 · A.J. now 30 years of age ; · Standard Oil Company is formed. · Virginia, Mississippi, and Texas are granted readmission to the Union. · Congress creates the Department of Justice. · The US and Great Britain sign a treaty to stop the worldwide African slave trade. · General Robert E. Lee dies. · The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified giving black males the right to vote. · The last four Southern states that fought for the confederacy were readmitted to Congress. These were Virginia, Mississippi, Texas, and Georgia. · The first black Senator, Hiram E. Revels, assumed the seat of Jefferson Davis. · The Enforcement Act was passed. This was allowed for federal intervention against the Ku Klux Klan. · A California case, White v. Flood , set the precedent for schools to be segregated by race. · · 1870: Thomas Nast , star political cartoonist of Harper's Weekly, began a campaign of lampoon the corrupt "ring" that secretly ran New York City. Nast's biting depictions of the Tweed Ring helped bring down Boss Tweed . · February 3, 1870: The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which gave the right to vote to black males, became law when the required number of states ratified it. · June 9, 1870: Charles Dickens , British novelist, died at the age of 58. · July 15, 1870: Georgia became the last of the Confederate states to return to the Union. · October 12, 1870: Robert E. Lee, Confederate general in the Civil War, died at the age of 63 at Lexington, Virginia. · 1871 · A.J. now 31 years of age ; · The Indian Appropriations Act was passed. This made all Native Americans as wards of the state. · "Boss" Tweed political machine was exposed by the New York Times. · The greenback becomes legal tender. · US reached the Alabama settlement with England over the aid it gave to the Confederacy in building warships. England paid $15.5 million in damages. · The Great Chicago Fire occurred. · Summer 1871: Photographer William Henry Jackson takes a number of photographs on the Yellowstone Expedition . The scenery he captured was so remarkable that it led to the creation of the National Parks . · July 15, 1871: Thomas "Tad" Lincoln , the son of Abraham Lincoln, died in Chicago at the age of 18. He was buried beside his father in Springfield, Illinois. · · · 1872 · A.J. now 32 years of age ; 1872 · March 1, 1872: Yellowstone National Park was established as the first National Park in the United States. · April 2, 1872: Samuel F.B. Morse, American artist and inventor of the telegraph and Morse Code, died at the age of 80 in New York City. · November 5, 1872: President Ulysses S. Grant wins a second term in the election of 1872 , defeating legendary newspaper editor turned candidate Horace Greeley . · November 29, 1872: Horace Greeley , who weeks earlier lost the presidential election, died in New York City. · · 1873 · A.J. now 33 years of age ; · March 4, 1873: Ulysses S. Grant took the oath of office for the second time as he began his second term as President of the United States. · April 1, 1873: The steamship Atlantic struck rocks on the coast of Canada and at least 500 passengers and crew perished in one of the worst maritime disasters of the 19th century. · September 1873: A stock market crashed sets off the Panic of 1873, one of the great financial panics of the 19th century . · The Panic of 1873 occurred, caused by rampant railroad speculation. · The Gilded Age was written by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner. · · 1874 · A.J. now 34 years of age ; · The Woman's Christian Temperance Union was founded. · January 17, 1874: Chang and Eng Bunker, conjoined twins who became famous as the Siamese Twins, died at the age of 62. · March 11, 1874: Charles Sumner, Massachusetts senator who in 1856 had been beaten in the U.S. Capitol in an event leading up to the Civil War, died at the age of 63. · March 8, 1874: Millard Fillmore , former president of the United States, died at the age of 74. · November 1874: The Greenback Party was established in the United States. Its constituency were the farmers and workers adversely affected by the Panic of 1873 . · 1875 · · 1875 · A.J. now 35 years of age ; · The Whiskey Ring scandal occurred during President Grant's administration. A number of his associates were indicted. · The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was passed by Congress. It established penalties for those who denied citizens equal employment and the use of inns, theaters, and other places. · April 21, 1875: Charles Stewart Parnell , Irish political leader, was elected to the British House of Commons. · May 19, 1875: Mary Todd Lincoln , widow of Abraham Lincoln, was judged to be insane in a trial instigated by her son, Robert Todd Lincoln . · July 31, 1875: Andrew Johnson , who became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln , died at the age of 66. · · 1876 · A.J. now 36 years of age ; · The Lakota Sioux are ordered to reservations. In their resistance, the Sioux led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeat General Custer and his men at the Battle of Little Big Horn. · Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone. · Samuel J. Tilden defeated Rutherford B. Hayes in the popular vote. However, the electoral vote is thrown into the House of Representatives · 1876 · March 10, 1876: Alexander Graham Bell made the first successful telephone call, saying, "Watson, come here, I need you." · June 25, 1876: Indian Wars: The US 7th Cavalry under Lt. Colonel George A. Custer is routed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn ; General George Armstrong Custer , commander of the 7th Cavalry, is killed, along with more than 200 of his men, at the Battle of the Little Bighorn . · July 4, 1876: The United States celebrated its centennial with celebrations in cities and towns across the country. · August 2, 1876: Wild Bill Hickok , gunfighter and lawman, was shot and killed while playing cards in Deadwood, Dakota Territory. · August 25, 1876: The first crossing of the unfinished Brooklyn Bridge was accomplished by its master mechanic, E.F. Farrington, riding on a wire strung between its towers. · November 7, 1876: The United States presidential election of 1876 was disputed and became the most controversial American election until the election of 2000. · . · · 1877 · A.J. now 37 years of age ; · The Compromise of 1877 occurred giving Hayes the presidency. · Federal troops were removed from the Southern states. · Early 1877: An electoral commission was formed to settle the disputed presidential election of 1876 results in the Compromise of 1877 . Rutherford B. Hayes was declared the winner of the election, and Reconstruction was effectively brought to an end. · March 4, 1877: Rutherford B. Hayes was inaugurated as president, and comes into office under a cloud of suspicion, being called "His Fraudulency." · May 1877: Sitting Bull led followers into Canada to escape the U.S. Army, and Crazy Horse surrendered to U.S. troops. · June 21, 1877: Leaders of the Molly Maguires , a secret society of coal miners in Pennsylvania, were executed. · July 16, 1877: A strike in West Virginia set off the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 , which spread nationwide and spurred violent clashes in American cities. · September 5, 1877: Crazy Horse was killed at an army base in Kansas. · · 1878 · A.J. now 38 years of age; · February 19, 1878: Thomas A. Edison patented the phonograph, which would rank as one of his most important inventions . · April 12, 1878: William M. "Boss" Tweed, the legendary head of Tammany Hall , died in jail in New York City at the age of 55. · Summer 1878: The head of the Statue of Liberty was displayed in a park in Paris during an international exhibition. · . · 1879 · A.J. now 39 years of age; · · · April 30, 1879: Sarah J. Hale, a magazine editor who urged President Lincoln to make Thanksgiving an official holiday , died at the age of 90. · · 1880 · A.J. now 40 years of age; · · July 1880: The French-American Union announced that enough money had been raised to complete the construction of the Statue of Liberty , though money would still have to be raised to construct its pedestal in New York. · November 2, 1880: James Garfield defeated Winfield Hancock in the U.S. presidential election. · December 1880: Inventor Thomas A. Edison used electric Christmas lights for the first time, hanging them outside his lab in Menlo Park, New Jersey . · · 1881 · A.J. now 41 years of age; · January 19, 1881: John Sutter , who owned the sawmill where a gold discovery began the California Gold Rush , died in Washington, D.C. · March 4, 1881: James Garfield was inaugurated as president of the United States. · May 21, 1883: The American Red Cross was incorporated by Clara Barton . · July 2, 1881: President James Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau at a Washington, D.C. train station. · July 14, 1881: Outlaw Billy the Kid was shot and killed by lawman Pat Garrett in New Mexico territory. · September 19, 1881: President James Garfield died after being wounded in a shooting 11 weeks earlier. The vice president, Chester A. Arthur , became president. · October 26, 1881: The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral took place in Tombstone, Arizona. · · 1882 · A.J. now 42 years old · April 3, 1882: Outlaw Jesse James was shot and killed by Robert Ford. · April 12, 1882. Charles Darwin , author of On the Origin of Species , died in England at the age of 73. · April 27, 1882: Ralph Waldo Emerson , influential American writer and Transcendentalist , died at the age of 78. · September 5, 1882: The first commemoration of Labor Day was held in New York City when 10,000 workers held a march. · December 1882: The first Christmas tree with electric lights was created by Edward Johnson, an employee of Thomas Edison. · December 10, 1882: Photographer Alexander Gardner , who took notable photographs of the Civil War, died at the age of 61. · · 1883 · A.J. now 43 years old · March 14, 1883: Philosopher Karl Marx died at the age of 64. · May 24, 1883: The Brooklyn Bridge was opened with an enormous celebration after more than a decade of construction. · July 15, 1883: General Tom Thumb , famous entertainer discovered and promoted by the great showman Phineas T. Barnum , died at the age of 45. · · 1884 · A.J. now 44 years old · Mark Twain published The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . · August 6, 1884: The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty's pedestal was placed on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor . · November 4, 1884: In the presidential election of 1884 Grover Cleveland, despite a paternity scandal, defeated James G. Blaine, whose gaffe about "rum, Romanism, and rebellion" probably cost him the presidency. · · 1885 · A.J. now 45 years old · March 4, 1885: Grover Cleveland was inaugurated as president of the United States. · June 19, 1885: The disassembled Statue of Liberty arrived in New York aboard a French freighter. · July 23, 1885: Ulysses S. Grant , former president and hero of the Civil War, died at the age of 63 . An enormous funeral procession for Grant in New York City seemed to signal the end of an era. · September 7, 1885: Labor Day celebrations were held in cities across America, with tens of thousands of workers participating in marches and other commemorations. · October 29, 1885: George B. McClellan , who had been the Union commander at the Battle of Antietam and challenged President Lincoln in the election of 1864 , died at the age of 58. · · 1886 · A.J. now 46 years old · March 25, 1886 - Indian Wars: Apache leader Geronimo surrenders to General Nelson Miles · May 15, 1886: American poet Emily Dickinson died at the age of 55. · June 2, 1886: President Grover Cleveland married Frances Folsom in the White House, thus becoming the only president to be married in the executive mansion. · October 28, 1886: The Statue of Liberty was dedicated in New York Harbor. · November 18, 1886: Chester A. Arthur , former president, died in New York City at the age of 57. · · 1887 · A.J. now 47 years old · November 2, 1887: Jenny Lind , Swedish opera singer, whose tour promoted by Phineas T. Barnum had been a sensation in America in 1850, died at the age of 67. · November 19, 1887: Poet Emma Lazarus, whose poem "The New Colossus" would help make the Statue of Liberty a symbol of immigration , died in New York City at the age of 38. · December 1887: The character of Sherlock Holmes made his first appearance in a story Arthur Conan Doyle published in a magazine, Beeton's Christmas Annual. · · 1888 · A.J. now 48 years old · · March 11, 1888: The Great Blizzard of 1888 struck the East Coast of the United States. · November 6, 1888: President Grover Cleveland lost his bid for reelection to Benjamin Harrison . · · 1889 · A.J. now 49 years old · March 4, 1889: Benjamin Harrison took the oath of office as president and gave an uplifting inaugural address. · May 31, 1889: The Johnstown Flood occurred in Pennsylvania when a poorly constructed dam burst. · November 14, 1889: Nellie Bly , star reporter for Joseph Pulitzer's New York World, left on her 72-day race around the world . · December 1889: Pierre de Coubertin , who would eventually organize the modern Olympic games, visited the campus of Yale University to study its athletic programs. · December 6, 1889: Jefferson Davis , former president of the Confederate States of America, died at the age of 81. · · 1890 · A.J. now 50 years old · · July 2, 1890: The Sherman Anti-Trust Act became law in the United States. · July 13, 1890: John C. Frémont , American explorer and political figure, died in New York City at the age of 77. · July 29, 1890: Artist Vincent Van Gogh died in France at the age of 37 after shooting himself two days earlier. · October 1, 1890: At the urging of John Muir , The U.S. Congress designated Yosemite a National Park . · December 15, 1890: Sitting Bull , legendary Sioux leader, died at the age of 59 in South Dakota. · December 29, 1890: The Wounded Knee Massacre took place in South Dakota when U.S. Cavalry troopers fired on Lakota Sioux who had gathered. · · 1891 · A.J. now 51 years old · February 14, 1891: William Tecumseh Sherman, Civil War general, died in New York City at the age of 71. · March 17, 1891: The St. Patrick's Day parade in New York City began using the traditional route up Fifth Avenue. · April 7, 1891: American showman Phineas T. Barnum died in Bridgeport, Connecticut at the age of 80. · May 5, 1891: Carnegie Hall opened in New York City. · June 25, 1891: The character Sherlock Holmes, created by Arthur Conan Doyle , appeared in The Strand magazine for the first time. · September 28, 1891: Herman Melville , author of Moby Dick , died in New York City at the age of 72. · · 1892 · A.J. now 52 years old · March 26, 1892: American poet Walt Whitman died in Camden, New Jersey at the age of 72. · May 28, 1892: Writer and naturalist John Muir founded the Sierra Club. · July 6, 1892: The Homestead Steel Strike in western Pennsylvania turned into a ferocious day-long battle between Pinkerton men and townspeople. · August 4, 1892: Andrew Borden and his wife were murdered in Fall River, Massachusetts and his daughter Lizzie Borden was accused of the gruesome crime. · November 8, 1892: Grover Cleveland won the U.S. presidential election, becoming the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms. · · 1893 · A.J. now 53 years old · January 17, 1893: Rutherford B. Hayes , who became president following the disputed election of 1876 , died in Ohio at the age of 70. · February 1893: Thomas A. Edison finished building his first motion picture studio. · March 4, 1893: Grover Cleveland was inaugurated as president of the United States for the second time. · May 1, 1893: The 1893 World's Fair, known as the Columbian Exposition, opened in Chicago. · May 1893: A decline in the New York stock market triggered the Panic of 1893 , which led to an economic depression second only to the Great Depression of the 1930s. · June 20, 1893: Lizzie Borden was acquitted of murder. · · 1894 · A.J. now 54 years old · March 25, 1894: Coxey's Army , a march to protest unemployment that was largely the result of the Panic of 1893, departed from Ohio on its way to Washington, D.C. · April 30, 1894: Coxey's Army reached Washington, D.C. and its leaders were arrested the next day. · May 1894: The Pullman Strike began, and spread throughout the summer before being put down by federal troops. · September 1894: The U.S. Congress designated the first Monday of September as a legal holiday, Labor Day , to mark the contributions of labor, in part as a peace offering to the labor movement following the crackdown on the Pullman Strike. · · 1895 · A.J. now 55 years old Passes Way on April 4, 1895 · · February 20, 1895: Abolitionist author Frederick Douglass died in Washington, D.C. at the age of 77. · April 4, 1895 A.J. Ingraham, subject of this memorial Paperweight passed away at the age of 55 · December 1895: President Grover Cleveland arranged for a White House Christmas tree lit with Edison electric bulbs. · · Sources: militaryhistoryabout.com; history1800sabout.com; Wikipedia “HEIRLOOMHUNTER101” PUTS GREAT EFFORT IN DISCOVERING AND LISTING "UNCOMMON TREASURES" FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO THE PRESENT AT AFFORDABLE PRICES. PLEASE TAKE A LOOK AT OUR OTHER ITEMS, INCLUDING NATIVE AMERICAN INDIAN TURQUOISE AND STERLING SILVER JEWELRY; TRADE DOLLS, ANCIENT VESSELS, VICTORIAN ERA HEIRLOOMS; PAPERWEIGHTS; PERIOD GLASS; AND OTHER "OUT OF THE ORDINARY" OFFERINGS. FEEL FREE TO EMAIL SELLER WITH ANY QUESTIONS OR SPECIAL REQUESTS. ITEMS ARE VERY CAREFULLY PACKAGED AND USUALLY SHIPPED OUT THE SAME DAY OF PAYMENT. HEIRLOOMHUNTER101 VALUES AND APPRECIATES ITS CUSTOMERS. PLEASE ADD US TO YOUR SAVED SELLERS LIST AS NEW ITEMS ARE LISTED DAILY